Sulfur dichloride
| Sulfur dichloride | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name | sulfur dichloride |
| Other names | dichlorosulfane |
| Identifiers | |
| InChI | InChI=1/Cl2S/c1-3-2 |
| InChIKey | FWMUJAIKEJWSSY-UHFFFAOYAS |
| Standard InChI | InChI=1S/Cl2S/c1-3-2 |
| Standard InChIKey | FWMUJAIKEJWSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| CAS number | [] |
| EC number | |
| ChemSpider | |
| Properties[1] | |
| Chemical formula | SCl2 |
| Molar mass | 102.97 g mol−1 |
| Appearance | red liquid |
| Density | 1.621 g cm−3 |
| Melting point |
−122 °C |
| Boiling point |
59 °C decomp. |
| Solubility in water | reacts violently |
| Structure[1] | |
| Molecular geometry | bent; S–Cl = 201 pm, Cl–S–Cl = 103° |
| Thermochemistry[2] | |
| Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
−49.79 kJ mol−1 |
| Standard molar entropy S |
183.68 J K−1 mol−1 |
| Hazards[3] | |
| Material safety data sheet (MSDS) | ICSC |
| EU index number | 016-013-00-X |
| GHS pictograms |   
|
| GHS signal word | DANGER |
| GHS hazard statements | H314, H335, H400 |
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | Sulfur difluoride Sulfur dibromide Sulfur diiodide |
| Other cations | Tellurium dichloride Polonium dichloride |
| Other chlorides of sulfur | Disulfur dichloride Sulfur tetrachloride Thionyl chloride Sulfuryl chloride |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) | |
Sulfur dichloride, SCl2, is the highest thermally stable chloride of sulfur. It is also the first in a homologous series of dichlorosulfanes, SnCl2.
Contents
Preparation and purification
Sulfur dichloride is prepared by the chlorination of elemental sulfur, with disulfur dichloride as an intermediate.
- S8 + 4 Cl2 → 4 S2Cl2
- S2Cl2 + Cl2 → 2 SCl2
Sulfur dichloride is often contaminated with S2Cl2, but can be stabilized with a small amount of phosphorus pentachloride.[1] It is purified by distillation, often as an azeotrope with phosphorus trichloride (99% SCl2).[4]
Reactions
Sulfur dichloride is used as a precursor to organosulfur compounds, as it adds easily to C=C double bonds:[4] a well-known example is in the manufacture of mustard gas from SCl2 and ethylene.[1]
- SCl2 + 2 H2C=CH2 → ClCH2CH2SCH2CH2Cl
It is also used in the industrial preparation of thionyl chloride.[1]
- SCl2 + SO3 → SOCl2 + SO2
Fluorination of SCl2 with sodium fluoride leads to disproportionation, and provides a convenient synthesis of sulfur tetrafluoride, a versatile fluorinating agent.[5][6][7]
- 3 SCl2 + 4 NaF → SF4 + S2Cl2 + 4 NaCl
The reaction of sulfur dichloride with water is vigorous, and leads to extensive disproportionation and a variety of products.[1]
Notes and references
Notes
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; pp 815–16, 820. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
- ↑ Sulfur dichloride. In NIST Chemistry WebBook; National Institute for Standards and Technology, <http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3DInChI=1S/Cl2S/c1-3-2>. (accessed 17 September 2010).
- ↑ Index no. 016-013-00-X of Annex VI, Part 3, to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. OJEU L353, 31.12.2008, pp 1–1355 at p 399.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bishop, Roger 9-Thiabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,6-dione. Org. Synth. 1992, 70, 120, <http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/orgsyn/prepContent.asp?prep=cv9p0692>; Coll. Vol., 9, 692.
- ↑ Tullock, C. W.; Fawcett, F. S.; Smith, W. C.; Coffman, D. D. The Chemistry of Sulfur Tetrafluoride. I. The Synthesis of Sulfur Tetrafluoride. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82 (3), 539–42. DOI: 10.1021/ja01488a011.
- ↑ Tullock, Charles W. (Du Pont) Synthesis of sulfur tetrafluoride. US Patent 2992073, issued 11 July 1961.
- ↑ Fawcett, F. S.; Tullock, C. W. Inorg. Synth. 1963, 7, 119.
External links
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